Conception systémique d'une locomotive hybride autonome : application à la locomotive hybride de démonstration et d'investigations en énergétique LhyDIE développée par la SNCF

Dans le cadre du projet PLATHEE (Plate-forme pour Trains Hybrides Economes en Energie et respectueux de l'environnement) la SNCF et le laboratoire LAPLACE s'inté- ressent à la conception, au dimensionnement et à la gestion d'énergie d'une locomotive hybride autonome baptisée LHYDIE (Locomotive Hybride de Démonstration et d'Investigation en Energétique). La locomotive hybride est constituée d'un groupe diesel couplé à des accumulateurs Ni-Cd et des supercondensateurs. Une première phase d'étude selon une approche de conception séquentielle a permis, à partir d'une architecture pré dénie, de synthétiser une stratégie de gestion d'énergie puis de dimensionner les éléments de la locomotive. Dans cette phase d'étude, nous avons mis en évidence la nécessité "d'utiliser le bon modèle au bon moment", c'est-à-dire de mettre en bonne adéquation modèles et phase de conception. Nous avons ainsi présenté plusieurs niveaux de modélisation, chacun étant associé à une phase de conception particuli ère. A partir de ces modèles à niveau de granularité variable, nous avons présenté et validé l'architecture, le dimensionnement et la gestion système de la locomotive LHYDIE. Une seconde phase d'étude a consisté à reprendre le problème selon une démarche de conception simultanée, basée sur un modèle systémique dimensionnel couplé à un outil d'optimisation multicritère. Cet outil permet d'eectuer simultanément diérents choix paramétriques inhérents aux dimensions, mais aussi à la stratégie de gestion voire à l'architecture système. Les principaux critères visés sont la consommation et pollution, la durée de vie des composants (de stockage en particulier) et le coût système. Les dimensions et choix en termes de stratégie de gestion issus de cette thèse sont directement exploités sur la locomotive LHYDIE, actuellement en cours de construction. ABSTRACT : In the framework of the PLATHEE (PLAte-forme pour Trains Hybrides Economes en Energie et respectueux de l'environnement) project, SNCF and LAPLACE laboratory are together involved with other partners in the design, the energy management and the sizing of a hybrid locomotive so-called LHYDIE (Locomotive Hybride de Démonstration et d'Investigation en Energétique). This hybrid locomotive integrates a diesel generator coupled with Ni-Cd accumulators and supercapacitors. Based on a "sequential design approach", starting from a pre-dened architecture, the rst step deals with the synthesis of the energy management strategy followed by the system sizing. During this rst study step, the necessity of "using the right model for the right goal" is put forward : models and design steps are set in accordance. Several granularity levels of modelling are then proposed following the design stage. From these models, architecture, energy management and sizing of the LHYDIE locomotive are dened and validated. A second step of this study consists in a revision of the design process following a "simultaneous design approach" based on a systemic modelling coupled with a multi criteria optimisation tool. This tool allows simultaneously choosing parameters dealing with sizing, management and even system architecture issues. Main targeted criteria are fuel burn, polluted emissions, life cycle (in particular for storage devices) and system cost. Design choices in terms of sizing and energy management are directly exploited and adapted on the LHYDIE locomotive prototype actually built in SNCF facilitie

Sizing and Energy Management of a Hybrid Locomotive Based on Flywheel and Accumulators

The French National Railways Company (SNCF) is interested in the design of a hybrid locomotive based on various storage devices (accumulator, flywheel, and ultracapacitor) and fed by a diesel generator. This paper particularly deals with the integration of a flywheel device as a storage element with a reduced-power diesel generator and accumulators on the hybrid locomotive. First, a power flow model of energy-storage elements (flywheel and accumulator) is developed to achieve the design of the whole traction system. Then, two energy-management strategies based on a frequency approach are proposed. The first strategy led us to a bad exploitation of the flywheel, whereas the second strategy provides an optimal sizing of the storage device. Finally, a comparative study of the proposed structure with a flywheel and the existing structure of the locomotive (diesel generator, accumulators, and ultracapacitors) is presented

Energy management and sizing of a hybrid locomotive

The French national railways company (SNCF) is involved in a new project which aims at investigating and testing energy efficient and environmentally friendly traction systems of a hybrid locomotive called LHyDIE. This paper presents a new methodology for the hybrid electric vehicle design which exploits an energy management strategy based on a frequency approach. In particular, the design of the LHyDIE prototype and the energy management strategy implemented aboard are presented. The study mainly focuses on the battery and supercapacitor sizing taking account of the intrinsic energetic characteristics of these sources (i.e. energy and power densities, typical operating frequency) in the energy management strategy. The analysis of feasible configurations of the traction device determined in compliance with the battery stress, the system cost and the diesel oil consumption criteria and volume constraints is presented

Integrated optimal design of a hybrid locomotive with multiobjective genetic algorithms

In this paper, the Integrated Optimal Design (IOD) approach for energetic system design is discussed. IOD aims at concurrently optimizing the architecture, the element sizing and the energy management in an energetic system. IOD leads to complex optimization problems (typically mixed variable problems with several constraints and multiple objectives) which can be solved with direct optimization methods. We illustrate the interest of this approach through the design of a hybrid environmentally friendly locomotive moved by four DC motors supplied by a diesel engine generator in association with electric storage elements (batteries and ultracapacitors)

Conception systémique d'une locomotive hybride autonome

Dans le cadre du projet PLATHEE la SNCF et le laboratoire LAPLACE s'intéressent à la conception, au dimensionnement et à la gestion d'énergie d'une locomotive hybride autonome baptisée LHYDIE. La locomotive hybride est constituée d'un groupe diesel couplé à des accumulateurs Ni-Cd et des supercondensateurs. Une première phase d'étude selon une approche de conception séquentielle a permis, à partir d'une architecture pré définie, de synthétiser une stratégie de gestion d'énergie puis de dimensionner les éléments de la locomotive. Une seconde phase d'étude a consisté à reprendre le problème selon une démarche de conception simultanée, basée sur un modèle systémique dimensionnel couplé à un outil d'optimisation multicritère. Les dimensions et choix en termes de stratégie de gestion issus de cette thèse sont directement exploités sur la locomotive LHYDIE, actuellement en cours de construction.In the framework of the PLATHEE project, SNCF and LAPLACE laboratory are together involved with other partners in the design, the energy management and the sizing of a hybrid locomotive so-called LHYDIE. This hybrid locomotive integrates a diesel generator coupled with Ni-Cd accumulators and supercapacitors. Based on a "sequential design approach", starting from a pre-defined architecture, the first step deals with the synthesis of the energy management strategy followed by the system sizing. A second step of this study consists in a revision of the design process following a "simultaneous design approach" based on a systemic modelling coupled with a multi criteria optimisation tool. Design choices in terms of sizing and energy management are directly exploited and adapted on the LHYDIE locomotive prototype actually built in SNCF facilities.TOULOUSE-ENSEEIHT (315552331) / SudocSudocFranceF